This article explores everything you need to know about the Dubai Labour Court—its functions, procedures, legal rights, and how to file a case.
What is the Dubai Labour Court?
The Dubai Labour Court is a specialized division within the Dubai judicial system that handles disputes arising from employment relationships. Whether it involves wrongful termination, unpaid salaries, end-of-service benefits, or contract violations, this court provides a formal legal channel for resolution.
Labour disputes in Dubai are governed by Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 (commonly referred to as the UAE Labour Law), which aims to protect both employers and employees through a transparent legal process.
Common Cases Handled by Dubai Labour Court
The court addresses a wide range of labour disputes, including:
- Unpaid Wages and Overtime
- Wrongful Termination or Arbitrary Dismissal
- End-of-Service Gratuity Disputes
- Workplace Harassment and Discrimination
- Violation of Labour Contracts
- Unlawful Withholding of Passports
- Occupational Health and Safety Issues
- Breach of Non-Compete Clauses
Steps to File a Labour Case in Dubai
Filing a labour case in Dubai involves a structured process, beginning with a complaint to the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MOHRE) and possibly escalating to the Labour Court.
1. Initial Complaint at MOHRE
Before approaching the court, the dispute must first be reported to MOHRE, which attempts to mediate between the employer and employee.
- Visit a Tawafuq centre (labour dispute resolution centre)
- Submit a formal complaint
- MOHRE contacts both parties for reconciliation
- If no resolution is achieved within 14 days, a referral letter is issued for court proceedings
2. Referral to the Labour Court
With the MOHRE referral letter in hand, the complainant can file the case with the Dubai Labour Court.
- File the case at the Dubai Courts e-portal or physically at the Labour Court section
- Submit relevant documents (contract, salary slips, Emirates ID, copyright copy, MOHRE letter, etc.)
- Pay nominal court fees (waived for cases under AED 100,000 in some instances)
3. Court Proceedings
- First Hearing: The judge hears initial arguments and reviews evidence
- Further Hearings: Additional documentation, witnesses, and arguments are presented
- Judgment: Once the court is satisfied with the evidence, a verdict is issued
4. Enforcement of Judgment
Once the verdict is final, it can be enforced through the Execution Court. Employers who fail to comply may face travel bans, business restrictions, or asset seizures.
Documents Required to File a Case
Here are some documents typically required:
- Valid employment contract
- Copy of Emirates ID and copyright
- Salary slips or WPS (Wage Protection System) records
- MOHRE complaint reference or letter
- Termination letter (if applicable)
- Any relevant email or written communication supporting the claim
Key Legal Provisions for Workers
The UAE Labour Law provides strong protections for employees, especially those working in the private sector:
- Payment of Wages must be made on time as per contract
- Termination without Notice must be backed by valid legal reasons
- End-of-Service Benefits must be paid after resignation or termination
- Maternity Leave, sick leave, and annual leave entitlements must be honored
- Employers cannot confiscate passports or force unpaid overtime
Appeal Process
If either party is dissatisfied with the verdict of the First Instance Court, they have the right to appeal to:
- Court of Appeal: Can be filed within 30 days
- Court of Cassation: Final appeal level, limited to legal interpretation
Note: For disputes under AED 50,000, appeal rights may be limited unless specific exceptions are met.
Tips for Filing a Successful Labour Case
- Document Everything: Maintain proper written records of salary payments, contract terms, and correspondence.
- Act Promptly: Labour claims must usually be filed within one year of the dispute or termination.
- Seek Legal Advice: While self-representation is allowed, having a labour lawyer greatly improves your chances.
- Stay Professional: Avoid emotional arguments and focus on presenting facts and legal rights.
Language and Translation Services
Dubai Labour Courts conduct proceedings in Arabic. If you’re a non-Arabic speaker:
- Legal translators are available to help
- All documents submitted must be officially translated into Arabic
Labour Court Locations in Dubai
The Dubai Labour Court is located at the Dubai Courts Complex, Al Qusais. Alternatively, initial complaints can be made at any Tawafuq centre in the emirate.
Alternative Dispute Resolution
For faster resolution, the MOHRE encourages parties to settle disputes via:
- Mediation at Tawafuq Centres
- Arbitration Panels
- Labour Reconciliation Committees
Final Thoughts
The Dubai Labour Court stands as a beacon of justice for both workers and employers, ensuring a fair and legal resolution to workplace disputes. Whether you’re an employee seeking rightful dues or an employer facing unjustified claims, understanding the court’s procedures and legal protections is crucial.
Remember, the key to a successful case lies in timely action, proper documentation, and a clear understanding of your rights under UAE Labour Law.